Science Link

Keep up to date on the world of science with these selected links to online articles in a variety of disciplines, updated regularly.

 

***NEW FOR OCTOBER***

From Popular Mechanics:
These Ancient Drawings Have Been a Mystery for Decades. Scientists Just Discovered Hundreds More.
(Anthropology)

From Ars Technica:
We’re only beginning to understand the historic nature of Helene’s flooding
(Meteorology)

From Smithsonian:
Divers in Mexico’s Underwater Caves Get a Glimpse of Rarely Seen Artifacts, Fossils and Human Remains
(General Science)

From Scientific American:
Scientists Will Engineer the Ocean to Absorb More Carbon Dioxide
(Oceanography)

 

***ARCHIVE***

 

Agricultural Science

From Smithsonian Magazine:
The Nation’s Corn Belt Has Lost a Third of Its Topsoil

 

Anthropology

From Aeon:
Why Make Art in the dark?

From CNN:
Paleo diet? Study Reveals New Insight on What Stone Age Humans Really Ate

From Inverse:
One Extremely Human Quality May Help Explain Why Neanderthals Went Extinct

From Pocket:
Eight Billion People: How Different the World Would Look if Neanderthals Had Prevailed

From GoodNewsNetowrk:
Thousands of Years Ago, a Woman Underwent Two Surgeries to Her Head–and Survived Both Procedures

From Science News:
Human Footprints in New Mexico Really May Be Surprisingly Ancient, New Dating Shows

From Pocket:
Did Lead Poisoning Cause Downfall of Roman Empire? The Jury Is Still Out

From Nature:
Human Ancestors Nearly Went Extinct 900,000 Years Ago

From CNN:
Mysterious Species Buried Their Dead and Carved Symbols 100,000 Years Before Humans

From CNN:
Scientists have decoded the smell of Cleopatra’s perfume

From Aeon:
Children of the Ice Age

From The Conversation:
We Can Still See These Five Traces of Ancestor Species in All Human Bodies Today

From Aeon:
Finding the First Americans

From CNN:
Neanderthals Cooked Meals with Pulses 70,000 Years Ago

From The Guardian:
DNA of 13 Neanderthals Reveals ‘Exciting’ Snapshot of Ancient Community

From CNN:
Controversial Rock Art May Depict Extinct Giants of the Ice Age

From Pocket:
Genetics Spills Secrets From Neanderthals’ Lost History

From CNN:
Fossilized Footprints Show Humans Made It to North America Much Earlier Than First Thought

From Aeon:
Sheanderthal

From Smithsonian Magazine:
Who Invented the Alphabet?

From Smithsonian Magazine:
The Lost History of Yellowstone

From Pocket:
Did Prehistoric Women Hunt? New Research Suggests So

From Pocket:
How the Extinction of Ice Age Mammals May Have Forced Us to Invent Civilization

From Phys Org:
Scientists Present a Theory Explaining Why We’re the Only Humans on Earth

 

Archaeology

From The CNN:
Discovery of ‘Superhighways’ Suggests Early Mayan Civilization Was More Advanced Than Previously Thought

From CNN:
A 3,400-year-old City in Iraq Emerges from Underwater After an Extreme Drought

From The Guardian:
How Science is Uncovering the Secrets of Stonehenge

From ScienceAlert:
Mysterious Vanishing of Advanced Chinese Civilization 4,000 Years Ago Finally Solved

From Pocket:
New Evidence Supports Idea that America’s First Civilization was Made Up of ‘Sophisticated’ Engineers

From Pocket:
Archaeologists Have a Lot of Dates Wrong for North American Indigenous History

From Pocket:
The Mysterious Bronze Objects that Have Baffled Archaeologists for Centuries

 

Astronomy

From Ars Technica:
An asteroid wiped out the dinosaurs, not a comet, new study finds

From NPR:
Never Seen an Exploding Star? This Year, You’ll Have Your Chance

From Vox:
The Total Solar Eclipse is Returning to the United States — Better Than Before

From Scientific American:
NASA’s New Asteroid Sample Is Already Rewriting Solar System History

From CNN:
How Ancient Texts Can Shed Light on Auroras

From CNN:
Astronomers Make Unprecedented Discovery in Search for Water in Space

From Mashable:
The Webb telescope just looked inside our galaxy’s core. It’s wild.

From space/com:
The Moon May Be 40 Million Years Older Than We Thought, Apollo 17 Samples Suggest

From space.com:
NASA Opens OSIRIS-REx’s Asteroid-Sample Cannister

From Phys.Org:
If Earth Were an Exoplanet, JWST Would Know There’s an Intelligent Civilization Here

From Gizmodo:
NASA’s Perseverance Rover Finds Preserved Organic Molecules on Mars

From AP:
Scientists Have Finally ‘Heard’ the Chorus of Gravitational Waves that Ripple Through the Universe

From Pocket:
The Romantic Venus We Never Knew

From Nautilus:
Astronomers Dig Up the Stars That Birthed the Milky Way

From Nautilus:
Giant Zombie Atoms of the Cosmos

From space.com:
Evidence of Ancient Mars Ocean Increases Probability of Past Life

From NASA:
NASA’s DART Mission Hits Asteroid in First-Ever Planetary Defense Test

From space.com:
Did a Second Killer Asteroid Finish the Dinosaurs Off?

From space.com:
James Webb Space Telescope: An Astronomer Explains the Stunning, Newly Released 1st Images

From UChicago News:
Scientists Release First Analysis of Rocks Plucked from Speeding Asteroid

From CNN:
Enormous Comet Has Entered Our Inner Solar System

From The Atlantic:
We Don’t Know Neptune at All

From Chicago News:
Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy

From Quanta Magazine:
Secrets of the Moon’s Permanent Shadows Are Coming to Light

From UChicago News:
How the Earth and Moon Formed, Explained

From Quantamagazine:
The Webb Space Telescope Will Rewrite Cosmic History. If It Works.

From CNN:
New Findings a ‘Complete Reversal’ in Understanding Why Earth Became Hospitable to Life and its ‘Twin’ Didn’t

From Nautilus:
Where Aliens Could Be Watching Us

From LiveScience:
How Fast is Earth Moving?

From UChicago News:
The Solar Wind, Explained

From space.com:
Potentially Habitable Exoplanet Candidate Spotted Around Alpha Centauri A in Earth’s Backyard

From Pocket:
Astronomers Creep Up to the Edge of the Milky Way’s Black Hole

From space.com:
More than half of all sunlike stars in the Milky Way may have a habitable planet

From Pocket:
The Sun Is Stranger Than Astrophysicists Imagined

From CNN:
Andromeda Galaxy’s ‘Halo’ is Nudging the Milky Way

From space.com:
Satellite Megaconstellations Could Have ‘Extreme’ Impact on Astronomy, Report Finds

From Pocket:
Our Solar System Is Even Stranger Than We Thought

From MSU:
MSU Astrophysicists Study Mystery Object Through Gravitational Waves

From Sky & Telescope:
Potential Biosignature Found in Venus’s Clouds

 

Biology

From Science Alert:
Your Genes May Influence Your Behavior More Than You Realize

From The Washington Post:
How did life on Earth begin? The chemical puzzle just became clearer.

From Nautilus:
The Thoughts of a Spiderweb

From Pocket:
How a Guy From a Montana Trailer Park Overturned 150 Years of Biology

From CNN:
Meet the Man Who Has Transformed our Understanding of Evolution

From Quanta Magazine:
Why Extraterrestrial Life May Not Seem Entirely Alien

From Science:
Breeders Toughen Up Bees to Resist Deadly Mites

From CNN:
How Mosquitoes Evolved to be Attracted to Humans, and What that Means for the Future

From Science:
Pools in the Mexican Desert are a Window into Earth’s Early Life

 

Botany

From NPR:
‘It feels like I’m not crazy.’ Gardeners Aren’t Surprised as USDA Updates Key Map

From The Conversation:
The Amazing System Plants Use to Shape Their Roots and Why It Could Help Protect Crops From Climate Change

From Phys.Org:
Invasive Plant Species are Increasing Exponentially, But No One Knows How Many Species There Are

From NASA:
NASA Data on Plant ‘Sweating’ Could Help Predict Wildfire Severity

From Science Daily:
Plants Evolved Complexity in Two Bursts — with a 250-Million-Year Hiatus

From Pocket:
A 16-Million-Year-Old Tree Tells a Deep Story of the Passage of Time

 

Chemistry

From Science News:
Chemists are Reimagining Recycling to Keep Plastics Out of Landfills

From Chemistry World:
The Complexity of Fire

From Scientific American:
One Mystery of Stonehenge’s Origins Has Finally Been Solved

 

Climate Science

From Vox:
Our most meaningful solutions to the climate crisis are hidden in plain sight

From Salon:
Will Earth Hit a Climate “Tipping Point?” Here’s Why Experts Say this Framework is Problematic

From Vox:
The Earth is Getting Greener. Hurray?

From Axios:
Earth is Hurtling Toward Nearly 3°C of Warming: Report

From CNN:
New Maps Show Where Snowfall is Disappearing

From The Guardian:
Rapid Ice Melt in West Antarctica Now Inevitable, Research Shows

From The Guardian:
‘Gobsmackingly Bananas’: Scientists Stunned by Planet’s Record September Heat

From The Conversation:
Is it really hotter now than any time in 100,000 years?

From Quartz:
The World Just Recorded its Hottest Day Ever

From CNN:
Crucial Antarctic Ocean Circulation Heading for Collapse if Planet-warming Pollution Remains High, Scientists Warn

From CNN:
‘The Climate Time-Bomb is Ticking’: The World is Running Out of Time to Avoid Catastrophe, New UN Report Warns

From Scientific American:
Why Is the Amazon So Important for Climate Change?

From space.com:
Greenland’s Glaciers are Melting 100 Times Faster than Estimated

From space.com:
Rising Sea Levels Could Swamp the US Coastline by 2050, NASA Predicts

From Pocket:
Greenland Ice Losses Set to Raise Global Sea Levels by Nearly a Foot, New Research Shows

From Pocket:
How the Speed of Climate Change Is Unbalancing the Insect World

From Science News:
A UN Report Shows Climate Change’s Escalating Toll on People and Nature

From NASA:
Sea Level to Rise up to a Foot by 2050, Interagency Report Finds

From MIT Technology Review:
The Rare Spots of Good News on Climate Change

From CNN:
The Arctic Ocean Began Warming Decades Earlier than Peviously Thought, New Research Shows

From IPCC:
Climate change widespread, rapid, and intensifying – IPCC

From LiveScience:
10 Signs That Earth’s Climate Is Off the Rails

From space.com:
Earth is Trapping Twice as Much Heat as it did in 2005

From NASA:
Direct Observations Confirm that Humans are Throwing Earth’s Energy Budget off Balance

From space.com:
Seas Will Likely Rise Even Faster Than Worst-Case Scenarios Predicted by Climate Models

From LiveScience:
Why Do Deserts Get So Cold at Night?

From space.com:
Scientists Solve a Major Climate Mystery, Confirming Earth is Hotter than It’s Been in at Least 120 Centuries

From space.com:
We’ve Already Blown Past the Warming Targets Set by the Paris Climate Agreement, Study Finds

From Pocket:
An Icy Conquest

From Pocket:
A World Without Clouds

From The Ohio State University:
Warming Greenland Ice Sheet Passes Point of No Return

From ProPublica:
New Climate Maps Show a Transformed United States

 

Cosmology

From space.com:
Unexpected Cosmic Clumping Could Disprove Our Best Understanding of the Universe

From space.com:
How Big is the Universe?

From space.com:
Is There Really a ‘Crisis’ in Cosmology?

From space.com:
Dark Matter Could be Made of Black Holes from the Beginning of Time

From space.com:
Mysterious ‘Kick’ Just After the Big Bang May have Created Dark Matter

From Quanta Magazine:
How to Understand the Universe When You’re Stuck Inside of It

From Pocket:
Bizarre ‘Dark Fluid’ With Negative Mass Could Dominate the Universe

From Sky & Telescope:
New 3D Map of the Universe — and a Growing Cosmological Debate

From Quantamagazine:
A New Cosmic Tension: The Universe Might Be Too Thin

 

Entomology

From Vox:
A Rare Burst of Billions of Cicadas Will Rewire our Ecosystems for Years to Come

From Scroll.in:
From a Revered Ancient Egyptian Symbol to AI Inspiration, the Click Beetle Continues to Fascinate

From CNN:
One-Third of the Food We Eat is at Risk Because the Climate Crisis is Endangering Butterflies and Bees

From NPR:
Mosquitoes Surprise Researcher with Their ‘Weird’ Sense of Smell

From Pocket:
How Does a Caterpillar Turn into a Butterfly?

 

Food Science

From Pocket:
The Science Behind Honey’s Eternal Shelf Life

 

Geology

From ScienceAlert:
There’s a Change Happening to Earth’s Outer Core, as Revealed by Seismic Wave Data

From Live Science:
Two Giant Blobs in Earth’s Mantle May Explain Africa’s Weird Geology

From space.com:
Earth’s Crust is Way, Way Older Than We Thought

From USGS:
Just How Long has the Yellowstone Hotspot been Around?

From space.com:
Earth Spent 500 Million Years Creating and Eating Dead Continents

From Knowable Magazine:
The Origin of Mud

From Science:
Ancient Earth Rock Found on the Moon

From Space.com
How did Earth Crack? New Study May Explain Origins of Plate Tectonics on our Planet.

 

Geoscience

From LiveScience:
Columbia, Rodinia and Pangaea: A history of Earth’s supercontinents

From space.com:
Ten Dramatic Discoveries about Earth from 2023

From CNN:
They Went Hunting for Fossil Fuels. What They Found Could Help Save the World

From ScienceNewsExplores:
A Volcanic Eruption Sparked the Highest Lightning Ever Seen

From Pocket:
The Length of Earth’s Days Has Been Mysteriously Increasing, and Scientists Don’t Know Why

From Nature:
Has Earth’s Inner Core Stopped Its Strange Spin?

From The Guardian:
The Anthropocene Epoch: Have We Entered a New Phase of Planetary History?

From ScienceAlert:
We May Have Seriously Underestimated How Hostile Conditions on Early Earth Were

From Pocket:
Earth Has a 27.5-Million-Year ‘Heartbeat’, But We Don’t Know What Causes It

From LiveScience:
The Five Mass Extinction Events that Shaped the History of Earth — and the Sixth that’s Happening Now

From BBC:
How Cities Will Fossilize

From space.com:
Earth nearly lost all its oxygen 2.3 billion years ago

 

Mathematics

From Quanta Magazine:
How Math Has Changed the Shape of Gerrymandering

From Pocket:
Why Mathematicians Can’t Find the Hay in a Haystack

From Quanta Magazine:
Scientists Uncover the Universal Geometry of Geology

 

Medicine

From The Guardian:
Microplastics are infiltrating brain tissue, studies show: ‘There’s nowhere left untouched’

From Ars Technica:
US prepares for bird flu pandemic with $176M Moderna vaccine deal

From CNN:
Scientists Have Finally Decoded Mysteries of the Y Chromosome. Here’s Why It Matters

From Pocket:
How Evolution Helps Us Understand and Treat Cancer

From CNN Health:
Scientists Say They Have Nailed Down the Ideal Amount of Sleep in Middle and Old Age

From CNN:
Ancient Case of Disease Spillover Discovered in Neanderthal Man Who Got Sick Butchering Raw Meat

From The Washington Post:
How the Hunt for this Deadly Virus Shaped the Search for Coronavirus’s Origins

From Interesting Engineering:
Researchers Fix Cholesterol in Monkeys Through CRISPR Gene Editing

From The New York Times:
What Do Vaccine Efficacy Numbers Actually Mean?

From Duke University:
Duke Researcher Busts Metabolism Myths in New Book

From New York Times:
Opinion: The Secret Life of a Coronavirus

From The Conversation:
End of Ageing and Cancer? Scientists Unveil Structure of the ‘Immortality’ Enzyme Telomerase

From Scientific American:
Governments Worldwide Consider Ditching Daylight Saving Time

From Wired:
A Zombie Gene Protects Elephants from Cancer

From Scientific American:
A Visual Guide to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus – What scientists know about the inner workings of the pathogen that has infected the world

From Gizmodo:
Bacteria Found in Nuclear Reactors Could Be the Secret to Faster, Cheaper Vaccines

From Yellowstone Public Radio:
MSU Researcher Says Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Were Tip Of Iceberg

 

Meteorology

From Fast Company:
Hurricane Beryl becomes the earliest Category 5 on record. Here’s why its intensification. Is alarming.

From Popular Mechanics:
What You Need to Know About How Tornadoes Form

From The Conversation:
What is a Derecho? An Atmospheric Scientist Explains these Rare but Dangerous Storm Systems

 

Microbiology

From Science News:
Recent Microbial Discoveries are Changing our View of Life on Earth

 

Neuroscience

From Quanta Magazine:
Why the Human Brain Perceives Small Numbers Better

From The Guardian:
Study Reveals Striking Differences in Brains of Modern Humans and Neanderthals

From Pocket:
Why Can’t You Remember Being Born, Learning to Walk or Saying Your First Words?

From ScienceAlert:
Scientists Have Finally Discovered Why The Brain Consumes So Much Energy, Even at Rest

From Pocket:
Scientists Say Your “Mind” Isn’t Confined to Your Brain, or Even Your Body
(Neuroscience)

From space.com:
Brains Might Sync As People Interact — and That Could Upend Consciousness Research

From Time Magazine:
Why Do We Dream? A New Theory on How It Protects Our Brains

 

Oceanography

From Popular Mechanics:
4,000 Meters Below Sea Level, Scientists Have Found the Spectacular ‘Dark Oxygen’

From Vox:
Seven Ocean Mysteries Scientists Haven’t Solved Yet

 

Ornithology

From Audubon:
Why Do Hummingbirds Fight So Much?

From Audubon:
As Spring Shifts Earlier, Many Migrating Birds Are Struggling to Keep Up

From Pocket:
Crows Are Self-Aware and ‘Know What They Know,’ Just Like Humans

From Audubon:
Do Migrating Birds Take the Same Routes in Spring and Fall?

From Pocket:
Birds Sing to Their Eggs, and This Song Might Help Their Babies Survive Climate Change

From George Bumann’s Blog:
To Catch a Raven

From The Conversation/Pocket:
How Did the World’s Smallest Flightless Bird Get to Inaccessible Island?

From NPR:
The Evolutionary History of Penguins Is Far From Black And White

From Pocket:
A Parliament of Owls

From Stat:
Brainiacs, not birdbrains: Crows possess higher intelligence long thought a primarily human attribute

 

Paleobotany

From ScienceAlert:
A Newly Discovered Fossil Could Be The Answer to Darwin’s ‘Abominable’ Mystery

 

Paleontology

From PhysOrg:
Novel Technique Uncovers Clues to Disappearance of North America’s Large Mammals 50,000 Years Ago

From Gizmodo:
Massive Extinct Whale May Be the Heaviest Animal Ever

From CNN:
Scientists Find New Clue in What Led to Megalodon’s Demise

From The New York Times:
A Saber-Toothed Predator from Long Before Evolution Came Up With Cats

From Hakai:
The Lion, the Land Bridge, and the New World

From Pocket:
The Story of Charles Willson Peale’s Massive Mastodon

From Smithsonian Magazine:
Five Fascinating Ice Age Finds Discovered in Yukon Permafrost

From Pocket:
How Dinosaurs Thrived in the Snow

From Pocket:
We Still Don’t Know Why the Reign of the Dinosaurs Ended

From Nautilus:
T. Rex Was a Slacker

From Science (AAAS):
How many T. rexes were there? Billions.

From Science:
Mammoth Molars Yield the Oldest DNA Ever Sequenced

From Quanta Magazine:
Fossil Discoveries Challenge Ideas About Earth’s Start

From Pocket:
The Brontosaurus Is Back

From Wired:
How to Outrun a Dinosaur

From Wired:
Paleontologists Are Trying to Understand Why the Fossil Record Is Mostly Males

From Pocket:
Why Does the U.S. Army Own So Many Fossils?

 

Physics

From Wired:
The Hunt for Ultralight Dark Matter

From Pocket:
100 Years Ago, a Quantum Experiment Explained Why We Don’t Fall through Our Chairs

From Newsweek:
Near-Unlimited Energy a Step Closer As Scientists Overcome Fusion Problem

From Axios:
Scientists Propose a “Missing Law” for Evolution in the Universe

From The Conversation:
What is an Attosecond? A Physical Chemist Explains the Tiny Time Scale Behind Nobel Prize-Winning Research

From The Guardian:
Scientists May Be On Brink of Discovering Fifth Force of Nature

From Quanta Magazine:
Inside the Proton, the ‘Most Complicated Thing You Could Possibly Imagine’

From Big Think:
The Five Greatest Puzzles in Fundamental Physics

From Big Think:
Quantum Entanglement Wins 2022’s Nobel Prize in Physics

From space.com:
Why is Gravity So Weak? The Answer May Lie in the Very Nature of Space-Time

From space.com:
Higgs Boson: The ‘God Particle’ Explained

From CNN:
Bottling the Sun

From space.com:
Life As We Know It Would Not Exist Without This Highly Unusual Number

From Wired:
The Physics of the N95 Face Mask

From space.com:
Twisted Light from the Beginning of Time Could Reveal Brand-New Physics

From Quanta Magazine:
Dark Energy May Be Incompatible With String Theory

From Quantamagazine:
Why Gravity Is Not Like the Other Forces

From Space.com:
The Universe’s Clock Might have Bigger Ticks than We Imagine

From Pocket:
What Does Quantum Theory Actually Tell Us about Reality?

 

Science – General

From Undark:
People Hate Daylight Saving. Science Tells Us Why.

From Mental Floss:
Fifteen of History’s Greatest Mysteries

From The Guardian:
Empire of Dust: What the Tiniest Specks Reveal About the World

From Scientific American:
Who Invented the Measurement of Time?

From Engadget:
Hitting the Books: How 20th Century Science Unmade Newton’s Universe

From AuNews:
The World Has Reached 8 Billion People — But Soon We’ll Hit a Decline We’ll Never Reverse

From Space.com:
An Asteroid and Volcano ‘Double Punch’ Doomed the Dinosaurs, Study Suggests

From SciencAlert:
The 6th Mass Extinction Really Has Begun, Scientists Warn in Newly Published Study

From Vox:
Eleven Epic Mysteries Scientists Totally Can’t Solve

 

Space Science

From space.com:
Why Haven’t Aliens Contacted Earth? New Fermi Paradox Analysis Suggests We’re Not That Interesting Yet

From Nautilus:
If Aliens Exist, Here’s How We’ll Find Them

 

Technology

From Pocket:
The Most Important Computer You’ve Never Heard Of

From Quanta:
Data Compression Drives the Internet. Here’s How It Works.

From CNN:
Nuclear Fusion: How Long Until This Breakthrough Discovery Can Power Your House

From Vox:
We Have a Genuine Fusion Energy Breakthrough

From ScienceAlert:
Scientists Find a Simple Way to Produce Hydrogen From Water at Room Temperature

From Pocket:
How a Handful of Prehistoric Geniuses Launched Humanity’s Technological Revolution

From CNN:
World’s First Living Robots Can Now Reproduce, Scientists Say

From Quantamagazine:
The Uselessness of Useful Knowledge

From The Guardian:
Scientists May Have Solved Ancient Mystery of ‘First Computer’

From Quanta Magazine:
How Claude Shannon Invented the Future

 

Zoology

From Smithsonian Magazine:
Ancient DNA Unravels the Mysteries of the Dingo, Australia’s Wild Dog

From Discover:
100 Million Years Ago, Snakes Gained Their Most Iconic Traits

From Pocket:
Why Whales Got So Big

From Pocket:
How to Outrun a Dinosaur

From Science:
What Are Farm Animals Thinking?

From Nautilus:
The Mystery of the Largest Light in the Sea

From Gizmodo:
A Massive Project Is Helping Scientists Unravel the Genetic Secrets of Mammals

From BBC:
Why Giant Prehistoric Animals Got Smaller

From CNN:
‘Mind control’ by Parasites Influences Wolf-Pack Dynamics in Yellowstone National Park

From The Atlantic:
How Animals Perceive the World

From Pocket:
Eight Facts About the Animals of Chernobyl

From Pocket:
Why Whales Got So Big

From The Wildlife Society:
The Synergistic Relationship Between Bats and Prairie Dogs

From Pocket:
Why Bats Are One of Evolution’s Greatest Puzzles

From Pocket:
The Ocean’s Largest Mystery—Why Has No One Seen a Whale Shark Give Birth?

From Science (AAAS):
Team recovers ancient genomes from dirt, revealing new history of North America’s bears

From Science:
The Legendary Dire Wolf May Not have Been a Wolf At All

From Science:
Urban Foxes May be Self-domesticating in our Midst